Carbureter.



c. ems-HAN.

CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED MAR-19, 1914.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

'2 SHEETS-SHEET mamw,

5 Luz (L CHRISHAN.

CARBURETER.

APPLICAHON FILED MAR. 19, 19x4.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- L J 9 WM memes GILBERT CHRISTIAN, 015 DETROIT,MICHIGAN.

CARBURETJER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

li atcnted Dee. 2d, 1915..

Application filed March 19, 1914. Serial lilo. 825,830.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that l, ({ILBERT Cunrsrmn, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Detroit, in the countyof Wayne and State of lvlichigan, have invented a new and ImprovedCarbureter, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to means for combining air and hydrocarbon vaporto con stitute an explosive mixture, suitable for use ininternal-combustion engines; and its object is to provide means wherebythe amount of explosive mixture delivered to the engine may be quicklyvaried as desired, to correspond to the speed or load of the engine.

This invention consists, in combination with the outer shell of themixing or carbureting chamber, and a fuel discharge nozzle consisting ofa cylindrical body having a circumferential discharge opening, of aseries of small conduits longitudinally of they body for delivering fuelover and above the amount delivered through the circumferentialdischarge opening. and means for controlling the suction at thedischarge ends of these conduits.

it further consists in the novel detail of.

construction shown described and particularly pointed out ill theclaims.

In the drawings, lfiigure 1 is a central vertical section of my improvedcarburetor.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing the operating mechanism for the valvethat controls the flow of air through the carbureter. l i 3 is anelevation of the fuel discharge nozzle showing the conduits in positionthereon. Fig. is a side elevation of a modified form of fuel dischargenozzle. Fig. 5 is a section on line 5--5 of Fig. at.

Similar reference characters refer to like parts tl'iroughout theseveral views.

In the embodiment shown, the cylindrical shell or body 1 of the mixingchamber has its lower end threaded to receive the locknut 2, betweenwhich and the mixing chamber the lower wall of the cup-shapedfloatchamber 3 is clamped. lhe mixing chamber may be provided with theshoulder 1 by which the cover 5 of the float chamber is held inposition; and Within the chamber is a float (i of any a 'iproved formfor controlling the level ofthc fuel therein. lead ing from the floatchamber to a point in the v as is desirable when the engine is to bestarted. This mechanism comprises the outer tube 7 having the air inlets8 and the fuel inlet 9 therein, the latter being normally submerged andleading into the inner tube 10 which in turn leads, through the mediumof the perforated extension 11, into the cylindrical shell 1. A valve 12and lever 13 control the admission of fuel through this device.

Extending across the lower end of the mixing chamber is a tubularsupport 15 having passages 16 communicating with the float chamber. A.vertical tube 17 passes through said support and has an exterior-1y andinteriorly threaded central portion 18, a threaded upper portion 28, athreaded lower end 19 and the passages 20 that communicate with thepassages 16. An extension 21 has an internal thread to engage thethreaded lower end 19 of the tubel? and hold it in position, itsthreaded lower end passing through an opening in the tube -22 and beingsecured thereto by the nut 23.

The tube 22 is adapted to convey hot air from any convenient source ofsupply to the l :Ltom of the carbureter, the flange 24- preferablyfitting around the lower end of the body 1.

'lhreaded upon the outer surface of the tube 1'? is a base 26, having acup-shaped upper surface 27, the portion of the tube 17, opposite thelower part of the cup-shaped surface being removed or hollowed out toform a chamber 29 from which the passages 30 lead laterally through thewall of the tube and outwardly to the periphery of the base. Upon theupper portion 28 of the tube 17, is threaded the collar 81 having theconical upper end 32 and the conical lower end 33', the latter of whichmay be parallel to and spaced slightly from the cup-shaped surface 27 ofthe base 20. The collar 31 may be locked in any position of adjustmentin respect to the base by means of the screw 31. The tube 17, base 96and collar 31 constitute the fuel nozzle which has a circumferentialdischarge opening at the upper edge of the base 26. Connecting to thepassages 30 are the upwardly bent pipes 35, one for each passage, thatare preferably provided with the beveled upper ends 86 which mayterminate at a point somewhat below ,the lower edge of the conical upperend Engaging with the interior threads on the portion 18 of the tube 17is a bushing 37 having a calibrated bore.

Sliding within the shell 1 is a tubular throttle valve 38 having theflaring lower end 39 that surrounds the collar 31 and up per ends 36 ofthe pipes 35, and which, when in the lower position of its adjustment,lies in close relation to the conical upper end of the collar 31,leaving an annular passage into the valve 38 whose interior constitutesthe mixing chamber. One side of the cylindrical shell 1 may be providedwith the slot 40, through which passes a bolt -11 whose inner end isthreaded into the valve 38. The outer end of the bolt passes through a.cam slot 43 in the cam 44 which is pivoted on the bolt 45 at the upperend of the mixing chamber, and pivotally connected at 46 to the lowerend of the cam is an actuating rod 47 that leads to any c011- venientpoint. The cam can be disconnected and reversed so that the rod 47 mayextend in the opposite direction if desired.

lVashers 49 and 50 may be used to prevent leakage between the support15, the collar 26 and the extension 21.

The discharge nozzle shown in Figs. at and 5 comprises the vertical tube17 that is a duplicate of the tube heretofore described. Mounted uponthe tube 17 is a base having a cylindrical rim 56 extending upwardlyfrom a flat upper surface 57. This base also has formed therein a seriesof passages 30 that correspond to the passages 30 in the base 26, andsome of these passages (preferably alternate passages) lead to theupwardly bent pipes 35 that are similar to the pipes 35 in Fig. 3, withthe exception that as many of these pipes as may be desired are providedwith lateral oienings 57 extending toward the tube 1 Other passages 30lead to the shorter tubes 5'8, whose upper ends terminate at about thelevel of the rim 56. These passages 30 also communicate withthecircumferential groove 59 at the upper surface of the base. Upon theupper portion of this tube 17 is threa dcd a cylindrical collar ()0having a conical upper end 61 and a fiat lower end 62. that is spacedslightly from the upper surface of the base and from the rim 56. to forma circumferential lateral passage for the fuel. This collar has alsoformed therein a series of small longitudinal passages 63, one for eachof the pipes-35 that has an opening 54 therein, each of said passages(33 terminating in the surface of the conical upper end of the collarand in the cylindrical surface of the collar 60, and opposite toy andspaced slightly from the opening 57 in thp correspending pipe 35.

Operation: In the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, fuelfrom the float chamber will flow through the passages 16, and into thechamber 29, and will stand a little below the upper edge of the base 20;that is, just below the circumferential discharge orifice in the fuelnozzle. hen the engine, to which the carburetor is attached, begins torun, the pressure of air within the mixing chamber will be reduced andthe liquid fuel will flow out through the circumferential dischargeorifice between the base 26 and collar 31. When the throttle valve israised there is produced, because of the velocity of air along the smalltubes 35 and across the ends 36 thereof, a slight suction in theseconduits which draws fuel through the passages 30. These two sourceswill be sutlicient to supply the engine under ordinary conditions. Whenmore fuel is required, the throttle valve 38 is raised still more,thereby admitting more air to the mixing chamber and causing a much morerapid flow, through the area around the collar 31. This is still furtherincreased in the region of the ends 36 of the conduits 35, whichincreases correspondingly the suction in the conduits and supplies morefuel to the mixing chamber. It will be seen that this nozzle compri es acircumferclniial discharge opening :f. and a series of auxiliarydischarge openings 36,- and that since the lower end of the throttle'alve surrounds the auxiliary discharge openings, they are positioned ina passage of less cross-section than that in which the circumferentialopening is located, and more subject to suction because of the velocityof the air passing through the carburetor.

lVhen the carbureter is equipped with the nozzle shown in Figs. 4- and5, the operation is as f0llows:-VVhen the lower end of the throttle 38practically engages the nozzle at the lower edge of the conical surface61 of the collar, which occurs at starting or when the engine is runningat very low speed, air will be drawn through the passages 63 at a highvelocity, which will, in turn, draw fuel from the openings 5% in thepipes across the slight space bctwecn'thc pipes and the collar and intothe passages in the collar. Since the velocity of the air near the upperend of the pipes 35 and 58 and the circumferential opening in the nozzleis relatively very low at this time, very little it any fuel will flowtherefrom. As the throttle is raised and the speed of the engineincreases the velocity of the air around the base also increases andcauses fuel to flow in appreciable quantities from the upper ends of thepipes 35 because of this rush of air along these pipes; and as thethrottle is raised and the engine attains a still higher velocity, fuelwill flow to a. considerable extent from the pipes 58. Finally fuel willflow from the circumferweenie ential nozzle formed'by the collar 60 andthe til rim 56, and it is believed that at high speed, fuel will ceaseto flow through the passages 63; I

It will be seen that by the use of the pipes 35 and 58 or 35 alone, asthe case may be, the outer zone of air passing upwardly between thecollar and the mixing chamber receives its proportion of fuel; and thatthe inner zone is supplied largely from the circumferential dischargeopening, especially at the higher speeds ofv the engine. This causes abetter proportioning and a more intimate mixing of air and fuel thanwould otherwise take place. i The collar may be retained in any desiredposition of adjustment upon the tube 17 by the screw 3a. ltwill beunderstood that the annular space between the collar 60 and the upperedge ofthe rim 56 corresponds to the circumferential discharge orificeheretofore referred to as being between the base 26 and collar 31 shownin Fig. 3.

The details and proportions of the device may be changed to conform tothe demands of various engines Without departin'g'from the spirit of theinvention.

I claim:

1. In a carbureter, the combination of a shell inclosinga mixingchamber, a fuel nozzle therein having an annular circumferentialdischarge opening below its upper end, a second discharge opening abovethe first discharge opening and spaced apart laterally of the mixingchamber somewhat from the first mentioned discharge opening, a thirddischarge opening above the second discharge opening, and a throttlevalve movable toward and from the discharge openings.

2. ln a carbureter, the combination of a shell inclosing a mixingchamber, a fuel nozzle therein having an annular circumferentialdischarge opening below its upper end, a second discharge opening abovethe first discharge opening and spaced apart laterally of the mixingchamber somewhat from the first mentioned discharge openin a thirddischarge opening above the sccoi 1d discharge opening, said thirddischarge opening being also spaced apart laterally of The mixing ch:inber somewhat from the first mentioned discharge opening, and beingspaced apart laterally somewhat from the second dischargd opening, and athrottle valve movable toward and from the discharge openings. I

3. In a carburetr-r, the combination of a cylindrical body, a fuelnozzle therein having an nnular circumferential discharge openingauxiliary discharge openings above the cir cumferential dischargeopening, and a vertically movable cylindrical throttle valve having a.flaring lower end inclosing the l GlOW its upper end, a series ofrounding and spaced apart slightly from the i nozzle, said throttlevalve having a flaring lower end, said nozzle having a discharge openingbelow its upper end and below the lower end of the throttle'valve, and asecond discharge opening above thefirst and having a portion normallyabove the level of the lower edge of the throttle valve whereby thesecond discharge opening is located in an area of less cross-sectionthan the first.

In a. carburetor, the combination of a cylindrical body, a cylindricalfeed nozzle therein, a cylindrical throttle valve adjust able'from abovetoward and from the surface of the, nozzle, said nozzle having a circumferential discharge opening, and a series of conduits whose openupper ends terminate at a point somewhat above the circumferentialdischarge opening of the nozzle.

l n a carbureter, the combination of a cylindrical body, a cylindricalfeed nozzle therein, a cylindrical thii'ottle 'alve adjustable towardand from the surface of the nozzle from above, said nozzle having acircumferential discharge opening, a series of fuel conduits extendingvertically along the sides of the nozzle and having open upper endswhich terminate at a point somewhat above the circumferential dischargeopening of the nozzle.

7. In a carbureter, the combination of a cylindrical body, a fuelreceptacle, a tubular support extending across the lower end of the bodyand communicating with the fuel receptacle, a tube mounted in thesupport and having holes opening into the interior thereof, a nozzlebase mounted on the-tube and having a. concave upper surface, a ollarmounted on the tube above the base and having a convex lower end spacedapart slightly from the concave upper surface of the base to form acircumferential discharge openin said tube and base having passages topermit fuel to low into the space between the collar and the base, saidbase also being provided with a series of laterally extending passagesthat terminate in vertical extensions whose open upper ends are abovethe circumferential discharge opening, and :1 cylindrical throttle valveadjustable toward and from the open ends of vertical extensions.

8. ln a carbureter, the combination of a cylindrical body, a fuelreceptable, a tubular support extending acress the lower end of the bodyand communicating with the fuel receptacle. :1 tube mounted in thesupport and having holes opening into the interior vided With thereof anozzle base mounted on the tube and having a concave upper surface, acollar mounted on the tube above the base and having aconvex lower endspaced apart slightly from the concave upper surface of the base to forma circumferential discharge opening, said tube and base having passagesto permit fuel to flow into the space between the collar and the base,said base also being provided with a series of laterally extendingpassages that terminate in vertically extending tubes having beveledopen ends, located above the circumferential discharge opening, and acylindrical throttle valve having a flaringlower end, and means foradjusting the throttle valve toward and from the beveled upper ends ofthe tubes.

9. In a carburetor, the combination of a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzletherein having an annular circumferential discharge opening below itsupper end, a second. dis charge opening above the first dischargeopening, a third discharge opening above the second discharge opening,and a throttle valve movable toward and from the discharge openings.

10. In a carburetor, the combination of a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzletherein, said fuel nozzle having a main body portion proacircumferential discharge opening, and also having a series of(lischarge tubes the upper open ends of which are spaced laterallysomewhat from the body portion, said fuel nozzle also being providedwith a series of discharge tubes the upper open ends of which arelocated at a higher level than the ends of the tubes of the first setand are spaced laterally somewhat from the body portion, and a throttlevalve movable toward and fromthe fuel nozzle.

11. In a carbureter, the combination of a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzletherein having a main body portion provided with a circumferentialdischarge opening, and also having "cries of discharge tubes the upperopen endsfof which are located at one level and spaced apart laterallyfrom the body portion, said nozzle further being provided with a secondseries or discharge tubes the upper open ends of which are located at ahigher level than the ends of the tubes of the first series, and arespaced laterally somewhat from the body portion, said body portion beingalso provided with a third series of discharge passages the'open upperends of which are at a level above that of the ends of the second seriesof tubes, and a throttle valve movable into close proximity to the upperends of'the third series of discharge passages.

12. In a carburetor, the combination of a mixing chamber,a fuel nozzlethcrcin having a main body portion provided Wlill a insane upper ends ofwhich are located at a higher level than the circumferential dischargeopening and are slightly from the body portion, some of the tubes havinga lateral aperture therein adjacent the main bpdy portion, and the mainbody portion be ng provided with a series of passages, one for'eachapertured tube,wthe lower end of each of the passages terminating in anaperture adjacent the aperture in the corrcsponding tube and the upperend leading to 'an aperture in the body portion at a level above theupper ends of the tubes, and a throttle valve movable into closeproximity .to the last mentioned apertures.

13. In a carburetor, the combination of a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzletherein haw ing a main body portion. provided with a. circumferentialdischarge opening, and also having a series of discharge tubes the()l'lrji upper ends of which are located at a l ighcr level than thecircumferential discharge opening and are spaced slightly from the bodyportion, some of the tubes having a lateral aperture therein adjacentthe main body portion, and the main body portion boing provided with aseries of passages, one for each apcrtured tube, the lower end of eachof the passages terminating in an aperture adjacent the aperture in thecorresponding tube and the upper end leading to an aperture in the bodyportion at a level above the upper ends of the tubes, the main bodyportion also having a second series of discharge tubes the open upperends of which are located below the level of the upper ends of the firstseries of discharge tubes and are spaced apart somewhat from the bodyportion, and a throttle valve movable into close proximity to theapertures in the uppcrcnd of the body portion.

14. In a carbureter, the combination of a shell inclosing a mixingchamber, a fuel nozzle in the mixing chamber and spaced somewhat fromthe shell, said nozzle comprising means for discharging fuel into thespace between the nozzle and the shell at three levels and at pointslaterally removed from one another across the space between the nozzleand the shell, said means including as one element an annularcircumferential discharge opening.

15. In a carburetor, the combination of" a shell inclosing a mixingchamber, a fuel nozzle in the mixing chamber and spaced 'apart somewhatfrom the shell, a throttle for restricting the opening between thenozzlc and. the shell at one level, said fuel nozzle comprising meansfor discharging fuel into the restricted space between the nozzle andthe shell and also comprising means, including an annularcircumferential opening for discharging fuel into the relativelyunrecircumferential discharge opening, and also, strictcd. portion ofthe mixing chamber at having a series of discharge tubes the open aplurality 01' levels and at a plurality of lly above the 0m each otlietct ,e nozzle the points laterally removecl across the space shell.

In a millimeter the comlaimtio" of e tubular lioey, e iii-e2.iiezzletlierem, e, lAlEJLl" L31 throttle valve surrounding anal eymcefiapart Slightly item the nozzle, eeiol hozele having :1 dischagigeopening below its upper encl, ancl secoocl discharge opening above thefirst eml having a portion norlevel of the edge of f vthe throttle valvewhereby the second oli-san area of whet above the circumlei'ehtiuldischarge body, a fuel'receptaele, a-

opening of the nozzle.

18. in e ceigbuieter, the combination. of a tubular support extenoingacross the low I. end of the hocly and communicating with the fuelreceptacle, a tube mounted in the support and having holes opening intothe interior thereof, e nozzle base mounted on the tube and h'iviiig aconcave upper surface, a collar mounted on the tube above the base andhaving at co11- vex lower end spaced apart slightly from the concaveupper surface of the base to foim ilcircuintereiitiull (lisclmrgeopening, said tube emlfhese having passages to permit fuel to howintotlie space between the collar and the base, said. base also oeiiig'pi-evitleil with u seiies of laterally wtencl- ']HSS21"QS thattei'inine tensions who open up; ends are ebov the Cl' uiilei'ezit-musehoi'ge Upfil'llll g, and.

l a cylindrical thi'ot valve ecljuetzwle towviud and. loom the were enolfrom the open emls of the vertical from the surface of the nozzle,manually.

operable meoi'is for adjusting said valve to surface of said ,nozzle,said. nozzle having an annular circumferenc tial discharge opening, anda conduit Whose open end terminates ll at point the elevation of which(liilei'ent from that of the aniiulai' circuitilieieiitiel dischargeopening.

in e CallJlllGllQl, the combination of a tubular body, fuel nozzletherein, a tubule): throttle valve having; a timing end hetwexm whichand the nozzle a relatively re stricted, passage we is formed, manuallyoperable means for adjusting the throttle valve in respect to the body,seicl fuel I1OZ- zlo having an annular circunilei'eutial disclim'geopening, means for clischiugii'ig fuel into the relatively restricted.passage way at an elevation willie hular circimi'terentizil dischargeopening.

flu t tiuiohy whereof l have signed. this specification iii the presenceof two sub scribing, \Yltll'ifiFfiS.

llueo ll. flitminveiiiizo.

the combination of e' it from that oi the 21miii)

